Class DoubleArrays
In particular, the forceCapacity()
, ensureCapacity()
, grow()
,
trim()
and setLength()
methods allow to handle arrays much like array lists. This
can be very useful when efficiency (or syntactic simplicity) reasons make array lists unsuitable.
Note that BinIO
and TextIO
contain several methods make it possible to load and save arrays of primitive types as sequences
of elements in DataInput
format (i.e., not as objects) or as sequences of lines
of text.
Sorting
There are several sorting methods available. The main theme is that of letting you choose the sorting algorithm you prefer (i.e., trading stability of mergesort for no memory allocation in quicksort).
Parallel operations
Some algorithms provide a parallel version that will by default use the common pool, but this can be overridden by calling the function in a task already in theForkJoinPool
that the operation should run in. For
example, something along the lines of
"poolToParallelSortIn.invoke(() -> parallelQuickSort(arrayToSort))
" will run the parallel
sort in poolToParallelSortIn
instead of the default pool.
Some algorithms also provide an explicit indirect sorting facility, which makes it
possible to sort an array using the values in another array as comparator.
However, if you wish to let the implementation choose an algorithm for you, both
stableSort(double[], int, int)
and unstableSort(double[], int, int)
methods are available, which dynamically chooses an
algorithm based on unspecified criteria (but most likely stability, array size, and array element
type).
All comparison-based algorithm have an implementation based on a type-specific comparator.
As a general rule, sequential radix sort is significantly faster than quicksort or mergesort, in particular on random-looking data. In the parallel case, up to a few cores parallel radix sort is still the fastest, but at some point quicksort exploits parallelism better.
If you are fine with not knowing exactly which algorithm will be run (in particular, not knowing
exactly whether a support array will be allocated), the dual-pivot parallel sorts in
Arrays
are about 50% faster than the classical single-pivot implementation used
here.
In any case, if sorting time is important I suggest that you benchmark your sorting load with your data distribution and on your architecture.
- See Also:
-
Field Summary
Modifier and TypeFieldDescriptionstatic final double[]
A static, final, empty array to be used as default array in allocations.static final double[]
A static, final, empty array.static final Hash.Strategy
<double[]> A type-specific content-based hash strategy for arrays. -
Method Summary
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionstatic int
binarySearch
(double[] a, double key) Searches an array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm.static int
binarySearch
(double[] a, double key, DoubleComparator c) Searches an array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm and a specified comparator.static int
binarySearch
(double[] a, int from, int to, double key) Searches a range of the specified array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm.static int
binarySearch
(double[] a, int from, int to, double key, DoubleComparator c) Searches a range of the specified array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm and a specified comparator.static double[]
copy
(double[] array) Returns a copy of an array.static double[]
copy
(double[] array, int offset, int length) Returns a copy of a portion of an array.static double[]
ensureCapacity
(double[] array, int length) Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries.static double[]
ensureCapacity
(double[] array, int length, int preserve) Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.static void
ensureFromTo
(double[] a, int from, int to) Ensures that a range given by its first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) elements fits an array.static void
ensureOffsetLength
(double[] a, int offset, int length) Ensures that a range given by an offset and a length fits an array.static void
ensureSameLength
(double[] a, double[] b) Ensures that two arrays are of the same length.static boolean
equals
(double[] a1, double[] a2) Deprecated.static void
fill
(double[] array, double value) Deprecated.Please use the correspondingArrays
method.static void
fill
(double[] array, int from, int to, double value) Deprecated.Please use the correspondingArrays
method.static double[]
forceCapacity
(double[] array, int length, int preserve) Forces an array to contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.static double[]
grow
(double[] array, int length) Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length.static double[]
grow
(double[] array, int length, int preserve) Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length, preserving just a part of the array.static void
mergeSort
(double[] a) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.static void
mergeSort
(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.static void
mergeSort
(double[] a, int from, int to, double[] supp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.static void
mergeSort
(double[] a, int from, int to, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.static void
mergeSort
(double[] a, int from, int to, DoubleComparator comp, double[] supp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.static void
mergeSort
(double[] a, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.static void
parallelQuickSort
(double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSort
(double[] x, double[] y) Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSort
(double[] x, double[] y, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSort
(double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSort
(double[] x, int from, int to, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSort
(double[] x, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.static void
parallelQuickSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.static void
parallelRadixSort
(double[] a) Sorts the specified array using parallel radix sort.static void
parallelRadixSort
(double[] a, double[] b) Sorts two arrays using a parallel radix sort.static void
parallelRadixSort
(double[] a, double[] b, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays using a parallel radix sort.static void
parallelRadixSort
(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of an array using parallel radix sort.static void
parallelRadixSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] a, boolean stable) Sorts the specified array using parallel indirect radix sort.static void
parallelRadixSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] a, int from, int to, boolean stable) Sorts the specified range of an array using parallel indirect radix sort.static void
quickSort
(double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.static void
quickSort
(double[] x, double[] y) Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.static void
quickSort
(double[] x, double[] y, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.static void
quickSort
(double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.static void
quickSort
(double[] x, int from, int to, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.static void
quickSort
(double[] x, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.static void
quickSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.static void
quickSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.static void
radixSort
(double[] a) Sorts the specified array using radix sort.static void
radixSort
(double[][] a) Sorts the specified array of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.static void
radixSort
(double[][] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified array of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.static void
radixSort
(double[] a, double[] b) Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.static void
radixSort
(double[] a, double[] b, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays using radix sort.static void
radixSort
(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of an array using radix sort.static void
radixSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] a, boolean stable) Sorts the specified array using indirect radix sort.static void
radixSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] a, double[] b, boolean stable) Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using indirect radix sort.static void
radixSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] a, double[] b, int from, int to, boolean stable) Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using indirect radix sort.static void
radixSortIndirect
(int[] perm, double[] a, int from, int to, boolean stable) Sorts the specified array using indirect radix sort.static double[]
reverse
(double[] a) Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array.static double[]
reverse
(double[] a, int from, int to) Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array fragment.static double[]
setLength
(double[] array, int length) Sets the length of the given array.static double[]
Shuffles the specified array fragment using the specified pseudorandom number generator.static double[]
Shuffles the specified array using the specified pseudorandom number generator.static void
stabilize
(int[] perm, double[] x) Stabilizes a permutation.static void
stabilize
(int[] perm, double[] x, int from, int to) Stabilizes a permutation.static void
stableSort
(double[] a) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
stableSort
(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
stableSort
(double[] a, int from, int to, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
stableSort
(double[] a, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
swap
(double[] x, int a, int b) Swaps two elements of an anrray.static void
swap
(double[] x, int a, int b, int n) Swaps two sequences of elements of an array.static double[]
trim
(double[] array, int length) Trims the given array to the given length.static void
unstableSort
(double[] a) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
unstableSort
(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
unstableSort
(double[] a, int from, int to, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.static void
unstableSort
(double[] a, DoubleComparator comp) Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array.
-
Field Details
-
EMPTY_ARRAY
public static final double[] EMPTY_ARRAYA static, final, empty array. -
DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAY
public static final double[] DEFAULT_EMPTY_ARRAYA static, final, empty array to be used as default array in allocations. An object distinct fromEMPTY_ARRAY
makes it possible to have different behaviors depending on whether the user required an empty allocation, or we are just lazily delaying allocation.- See Also:
-
HASH_STRATEGY
A type-specific content-based hash strategy for arrays.This hash strategy may be used in custom hash collections whenever keys are arrays, and they must be considered equal by content. This strategy will handle
null
correctly, and it is serializable.
-
-
Method Details
-
forceCapacity
public static double[] forceCapacity(double[] array, int length, int preserve) Forces an array to contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.preserve
- the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.- Returns:
- an array with
length
entries whose firstpreserve
entries are the same as those ofarray
.
-
ensureCapacity
public static double[] ensureCapacity(double[] array, int length) Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries.If you cannot foresee whether this array will need again to be enlarged, you should probably use
grow()
instead.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.- Returns:
array
, if it containslength
entries or more; otherwise, an array withlength
entries whose firstarray.length
entries are the same as those ofarray
.
-
ensureCapacity
public static double[] ensureCapacity(double[] array, int length, int preserve) Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.preserve
- the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.- Returns:
array
, if it can containlength
entries or more; otherwise, an array withlength
entries whose firstpreserve
entries are the same as those ofarray
.
-
grow
public static double[] grow(double[] array, int length) Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length.If you want complete control on the array growth, you should probably use
ensureCapacity()
instead.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.- Returns:
array
, if it can containlength
entries; otherwise, an array with max(length
,array.length
/φ) entries whose firstarray.length
entries are the same as those ofarray
.
-
grow
public static double[] grow(double[] array, int length, int preserve) Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and the current length increased by 50%, provided that the given length is larger than the current length, preserving just a part of the array.If you want complete control on the array growth, you should probably use
ensureCapacity()
instead.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.preserve
- the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.- Returns:
array
, if it can containlength
entries; otherwise, an array with max(length
,array.length
/φ) entries whose firstpreserve
entries are the same as those ofarray
.
-
trim
public static double[] trim(double[] array, int length) Trims the given array to the given length.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new maximum length for the array.- Returns:
array
, if it containslength
entries or less; otherwise, an array withlength
entries whose entries are the same as the firstlength
entries ofarray
.
-
setLength
public static double[] setLength(double[] array, int length) Sets the length of the given array.- Parameters:
array
- an array.length
- the new length for the array.- Returns:
array
, if it contains exactlylength
entries; otherwise, if it contains more thanlength
entries, an array withlength
entries whose entries are the same as the firstlength
entries ofarray
; otherwise, an array withlength
entries whose firstarray.length
entries are the same as those ofarray
.
-
copy
public static double[] copy(double[] array, int offset, int length) Returns a copy of a portion of an array.- Parameters:
array
- an array.offset
- the first element to copy.length
- the number of elements to copy.- Returns:
- a new array containing
length
elements ofarray
starting atoffset
.
-
copy
public static double[] copy(double[] array) Returns a copy of an array.- Parameters:
array
- an array.- Returns:
- a copy of
array
.
-
fill
Deprecated.Please use the correspondingArrays
method.Fills the given array with the given value.- Parameters:
array
- an array.value
- the new value for all elements of the array.
-
fill
Deprecated.Please use the correspondingArrays
method.Fills a portion of the given array with the given value.- Parameters:
array
- an array.from
- the starting index of the portion to fill (inclusive).to
- the end index of the portion to fill (exclusive).value
- the new value for all elements of the specified portion of the array.
-
equals
Deprecated.Please use the correspondingArrays
method, which is intrinsified in recent JVMs.Returns true if the two arrays are elementwise equal.- Parameters:
a1
- an array.a2
- another array.- Returns:
- true if the two arrays are of the same length, and their elements are equal.
-
ensureFromTo
public static void ensureFromTo(double[] a, int from, int to) Ensures that a range given by its first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) elements fits an array.This method may be used whenever an array range check is needed.
In Java 9 and up, this method should be considered deprecated in favor of the
Objects.checkFromToIndex(int, int, int)
method, which may be intrinsified in recent JVMs.- Parameters:
a
- an array.from
- a start index (inclusive).to
- an end index (exclusive).- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException
- iffrom
is greater thanto
.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
- iffrom
orto
are greater than the array length or negative.
-
ensureOffsetLength
public static void ensureOffsetLength(double[] a, int offset, int length) Ensures that a range given by an offset and a length fits an array.This method may be used whenever an array range check is needed.
In Java 9 and up, this method should be considered deprecated in favor of the
Objects.checkFromIndexSize(int, int, int)
method, which may be intrinsified in recent JVMs.- Parameters:
a
- an array.offset
- a start index.length
- a length (the number of elements in the range).- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException
- iflength
is negative.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
- ifoffset
is negative oroffset
+length
is greater than the array length.
-
ensureSameLength
public static void ensureSameLength(double[] a, double[] b) Ensures that two arrays are of the same length.- Parameters:
a
- an array.b
- another array.- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException
- if the two argument arrays are not of the same length.
-
swap
public static void swap(double[] x, int a, int b) Swaps two elements of an anrray.- Parameters:
x
- an array.a
- a position inx
.b
- another position inx
.
-
swap
public static void swap(double[] x, int a, int b, int n) Swaps two sequences of elements of an array.- Parameters:
x
- an array.a
- a position inx
.b
- another position inx
.n
- the number of elements to exchange starting ata
andb
.
-
quickSort
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in
Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.
-
quickSort
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in
Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.
-
parallelQuickSort
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.
-
parallelQuickSort
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using a parallel quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.
-
quickSort
public static void quickSort(double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in
Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
quickSort
public static void quickSort(double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in
Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.
-
parallelQuickSort
public static void parallelQuickSort(double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
parallelQuickSort
public static void parallelQuickSort(double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
- Parameters:
x
- the array to be sorted.
-
quickSortIndirect
public static void quickSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thatx[perm[i]] ≤ x[perm[i + 1]]
.Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in
Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexingx
.x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
quickSortIndirect
public static void quickSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thatx[perm[i]] ≤ x[perm[i + 1]]
.Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation used to sort primitive types in
Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexingx
.x
- the array to be sorted.
-
parallelQuickSortIndirect
public static void parallelQuickSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] x, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thatx[perm[i]] ≤ x[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexingx
.x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
parallelQuickSortIndirect
public static void parallelQuickSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] x) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thatx[perm[i]] ≤ x[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexingx
.x
- the array to be sorted.
-
stabilize
public static void stabilize(int[] perm, double[] x, int from, int to) Stabilizes a permutation.This method can be used to stabilize the permutation generated by an indirect sorting, assuming that initially the permutation array was in ascending order (e.g., the identity, as usually happens). This method scans the permutation, and for each non-singleton block of elements with the same associated values in
x
, permutes them in ascending order. The resulting permutation corresponds to a stable sort.Usually combining an unstable indirect sort and this method is more efficient than using a stable sort, as most stable sort algorithms require a support array.
More precisely, assuming that
x[perm[i]] ≤ x[perm[i + 1]]
, after stabilization we will also have thatx[perm[i]] = x[perm[i + 1]]
impliesperm[i] ≤ perm[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexingx
so that it is sorted.x
- the sorted array to be stabilized.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be stabilized.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be stabilized.
-
stabilize
public static void stabilize(int[] perm, double[] x) Stabilizes a permutation.This method can be used to stabilize the permutation generated by an indirect sorting, assuming that initially the permutation array was in ascending order (e.g., the identity, as usually happens). This method scans the permutation, and for each non-singleton block of elements with the same associated values in
x
, permutes them in ascending order. The resulting permutation corresponds to a stable sort.Usually combining an unstable indirect sort and this method is more efficient than using a stable sort, as most stable sort algorithms require a support array.
More precisely, assuming that
x[perm[i]] ≤ x[perm[i + 1]]
, after stabilization we will also have thatx[perm[i]] = x[perm[i + 1]]
impliesperm[i] ≤ perm[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexingx
so that it is sorted.x
- the sorted array to be stabilized.
-
quickSort
public static void quickSort(double[] x, double[] y, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
x[i] < x[i + 1]
orx[i] == x[i + 1]
andy[i] ≤ y[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
quickSort
public static void quickSort(double[] x, double[] y) Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
x[i] < x[i + 1]
orx[i] == x[i + 1]
andy[i] ≤ y[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.
-
parallelQuickSort
public static void parallelQuickSort(double[] x, double[] y, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
x[i] < x[i + 1]
orx[i] == x[i + 1]
andy[i] ≤ y[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
parallelQuickSort
public static void parallelQuickSort(double[] x, double[] y) Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using a parallel quicksort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
x[i] < x[i + 1]
orx[i] == x[i + 1]
andy[i] ≤ y[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.
-
unstableSort
public static void unstableSort(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. The sort will be stable unless it is provable that it would be impossible for there to be any difference between a stable and unstable sort for the given type, in which case stability is meaningless and thus unspecified.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
unstableSort
public static void unstableSort(double[] a) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. No assurance is made of the stability of the sort.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
unstableSort
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. No assurance is made of the stability of the sort.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
unstableSort
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. No assurance is made of the stability of the sort.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
mergeSort
public static void mergeSort(double[] a, int from, int to, double[] supp) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. Moreover, no support arrays will be allocated.
- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.supp
- a support array containing at leastto
elements, and whose entries are identical to those ofa
in the specified range. It can benull
, in which casea
will be cloned.
-
mergeSort
public static void mergeSort(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as
a
will be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
mergeSort
public static void mergeSort(double[] a) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as
a
will be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.
-
mergeSort
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. Moreover, no support arrays will be allocated.
- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.supp
- a support array containing at leastto
elements, and whose entries are identical to those ofa
in the specified range. It can benull
, in which casea
will be cloned.
-
mergeSort
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as
a
will be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.
-
mergeSort
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator using mergesort.This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. An array as large as
a
will be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.
-
stableSort
public static void stableSort(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. The sort will be stable unless it is provable that it would be impossible for there to be any difference between a stable and unstable sort for the given type, in which case stability is meaningless and thus unspecified.An array as large as
a
may be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
stableSort
public static void stableSort(double[] a) Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. The sort will be stable unless it is provable that it would be impossible for there to be any difference between a stable and unstable sort for the given type, in which case stability is meaningless and thus unspecified.An array as large as
a
may be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
stableSort
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. The sort will be stable unless it is provable that it would be impossible for there to be any difference between a stable and unstable sort for the given type, in which case stability is meaningless and thus unspecified.An array as large as
a
may be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
stableSort
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified comparator, potentially dynamically choosing an appropriate algorithm given the type and size of the array. The sort will be stable unless it is provable that it would be impossible for there to be any difference between a stable and unstable sort for the given type, in which case stability is meaningless and thus unspecified.An array as large as
a
may be allocated by this method.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.- Since:
- 8.3.0
-
binarySearch
public static int binarySearch(double[] a, int from, int to, double key) Searches a range of the specified array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be searched.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.- Returns:
- index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,
(-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1)
. The insertion point is defined as the the point at which the value would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if and only if the key is found. - See Also:
-
binarySearch
public static int binarySearch(double[] a, double key) Searches an array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm. The range must be sorted prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.- Returns:
- index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,
(-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1)
. The insertion point is defined as the the point at which the value would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if and only if the key is found. - See Also:
-
binarySearch
Searches a range of the specified array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm and a specified comparator. The range must be sorted following the comparator prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be searched.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.c
- a comparator.- Returns:
- index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,
(-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1)
. The insertion point is defined as the the point at which the value would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if and only if the key is found. - See Also:
-
binarySearch
Searches an array for the specified value using the binary search algorithm and a specified comparator. The range must be sorted following the comparator prior to making this call. If it is not sorted, the results are undefined. If the range contains multiple elements with the specified value, there is no guarantee which one will be found.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.c
- a comparator.- Returns:
- index of the search key, if it is contained in the array; otherwise,
(-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1)
. The insertion point is defined as the the point at which the value would be inserted into the array: the index of the first element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if and only if the key is found. - See Also:
-
radixSort
public static void radixSort(double[] a) Sorts the specified array using radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.- Implementation Specification:
- This implementation is significantly faster than quicksort already at small sizes (say, more than 5000 elements), but it can only sort in ascending order.
-
radixSort
public static void radixSort(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of an array using radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.- Implementation Specification:
- This implementation is significantly faster than quicksort already at small sizes (say, more than 5000 elements), but it can only sort in ascending order.
-
parallelRadixSort
public static void parallelRadixSort(double[] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of an array using parallel radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
parallelRadixSort
public static void parallelRadixSort(double[] a) Sorts the specified array using parallel radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
- Parameters:
a
- the array to be sorted.
-
radixSortIndirect
public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] a, boolean stable) Sorts the specified array using indirect radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thata[perm[i]] ≤ a[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexinga
.a
- the array to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.- Implementation Specification:
- This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a support array as large as
perm
(note that the stable version is slightly faster).
-
radixSortIndirect
public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] a, int from, int to, boolean stable) Sorts the specified array using indirect radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thata[perm[i]] ≤ a[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexinga
.a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element ofperm
(inclusive) to be permuted.to
- the index of the last element ofperm
(exclusive) to be permuted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.- Implementation Specification:
- This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a support array as large as
perm
(note that the stable version is slightly faster).
-
parallelRadixSortIndirect
public static void parallelRadixSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] a, int from, int to, boolean stable) Sorts the specified range of an array using parallel indirect radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thata[perm[i]] ≤ a[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexinga
.a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.
-
parallelRadixSortIndirect
public static void parallelRadixSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] a, boolean stable) Sorts the specified array using parallel indirect radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thata[perm[i]] ≤ a[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexinga
.a
- the array to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.
-
radixSort
public static void radixSort(double[] a, double[] b) Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
a[i] < a[i + 1]
ora[i] == a[i + 1]
andb[i] ≤ b[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.
-
radixSort
public static void radixSort(double[] a, double[] b, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays using radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
a[i] < a[i + 1]
ora[i] == a[i + 1]
andb[i] ≤ b[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
parallelRadixSort
public static void parallelRadixSort(double[] a, double[] b, int from, int to) Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays using a parallel radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
a[i] < a[i + 1]
ora[i] == a[i + 1]
andb[i] ≤ b[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
parallelRadixSort
public static void parallelRadixSort(double[] a, double[] b) Sorts two arrays using a parallel radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly. In the end, either
a[i] < a[i + 1]
ora[i] == a[i + 1]
andb[i] ≤ b[i + 1]
.- Parameters:
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.
-
radixSortIndirect
public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] a, double[] b, boolean stable) Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using indirect radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thata[perm[i]] ≤ a[perm[i + 1]]
ora[perm[i]] == a[perm[i + 1]]
andb[perm[i]] ≤ b[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexinga
.a
- the array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.- Implementation Specification:
- This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a further support array as large
as
perm
(note that the stable version is slightly faster).
-
radixSortIndirect
public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, double[] a, double[] b, int from, int to, boolean stable) Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using indirect radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of
perm
(which must be exactly the numbers in the interval[0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so thata[perm[i]] ≤ a[perm[i + 1]]
ora[perm[i]] == a[perm[i + 1]]
andb[perm[i]] ≤ b[perm[i + 1]]
.- Parameters:
perm
- a permutation array indexinga
.a
- the array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element ofperm
(inclusive) to be permuted.to
- the index of the last element ofperm
(exclusive) to be permuted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.- Implementation Specification:
- This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a further support array as large
as
perm
(note that the stable version is slightly faster).
-
radixSort
public static void radixSort(double[][] a) Sorts the specified array of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the provided arrays. Tuples of elements in the same position will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly.
- Parameters:
a
- an array containing arrays of equal length to be sorted lexicographically in parallel.
-
radixSort
public static void radixSort(double[][] a, int from, int to) Sorts the specified array of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the provided arrays. Tuples of elements in the same position will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly.
- Parameters:
a
- an array containing arrays of equal length to be sorted lexicographically in parallel.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.
-
shuffle
Shuffles the specified array fragment using the specified pseudorandom number generator.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be shuffled.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be shuffled.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be shuffled.random
- a pseudorandom number generator.- Returns:
a
.
-
shuffle
Shuffles the specified array using the specified pseudorandom number generator.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be shuffled.random
- a pseudorandom number generator.- Returns:
a
.
-
reverse
public static double[] reverse(double[] a) Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be reversed.- Returns:
a
.
-
reverse
public static double[] reverse(double[] a, int from, int to) Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array fragment.- Parameters:
a
- the array to be reversed.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be reversed.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be reversed.- Returns:
a
.
-
Arrays
method, which is intrinsified in recent JVMs.